Abdul Kareem Zarkoon, Syed Mohammad Sadiq, Arshed Mehmood, Muhammad Saleem Barech, Zahid Mehmood.
Evaluation of 24-hour urinary biochemistry in urinary tract stone formers in Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta.
Pak J Med Res Jan ;47(3):71-4.

Objective: To determine the frequency of urinary metabolic abnormalities in urinary tract stone formers. Setting: The study was done at Department of Nephrology, Sandeman Provincial Hospital Quetta from 1-6-2005 to 31-5-2006 Materials and Methods: Twenty-four hour urine samples were obtained in a sterile container from 100 patients suffering from urinary tract symptoms and analyzed for calcium, oxalate, uric acid, citrate, urinary pH and culture and sensitivity. The location of urinary tract stone was based on radiology. Results: Seventy eight (78%) study subjects had upper tract stone and 22 (22%) were lower tract stone formers. Fifty (50%) males and twelve (12%) females had hypocitraturia, the other common urinary biochemical abnormalities were hyperuricosuria (48%) and hypercalciuria (38%) and only 22% patients had hyperoxaluria. Recurrent stone formers were having significantly lower excretion of urinary citrate compared to first time stone formers. Conclusions: Hypocitraturia followed by hyperuricosuria and hypercalciuria were common metabolic abnormalities while hyperoxaluria occurred less frequently.

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