Zahid Hussain Shah, Khurram Saleem, Usman Ghani, Sajid Abaidullah, Aurangzeb Afzal, Umair Aleem, Zunaira Arshad, Tooba Fatima.
Syndrome X (metabolic syndrome) and diabetic retinopathy: a comparative study in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Pak J Med Health Sci Jan ;5(2):213-7.

Objective: To determine the frequency of retinopathy in patients of type 2 diabetes with and without metabolic syndrome. Study design: Non-interventional: comparative cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted in West Medical Ward, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from 15th January 2009 to 15th July 2010. Patients & methods: Two hundred patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for this study and divided into two groups. Demographic data of each patient including age, sex, height and weight were collected. Each patient was interviewed about the duration, treatment and complications of diabetes. Results: In group I, the mean height was 1.60±0.08 meters, mean weight was 68.82±7.36 kilograms and mean BMI was 26.38±1.10 kg/m2 and In group II, the mean height was 1.56±0.12 meters, mean weight was 81.58±9.85 kilograms and mean BMI was 33.80±3.61 kg/m2. In group I microaneurysims, dot hemorrhages, blot hemorrhages and hard exudates were found in 12.22% patients. In group II, microaneurysims, dot hemorrhages, blot hemorrhages and hard exudates were found in 25% patients. In group I, there were 10.56% patients in which cotton wool spots was found and in group II there were 11.67% patients in which cotton wool spots was found. In group I, there were 2.78% patients in which new blood vessel formation was found and in group II there were 4.44% patients in which new blood vessel formation was found. Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that frequency of retinopathy is high in patients with metabolic syndrome as compared to patients without metabolic syndrome.

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