Zafar Hussain Iqbal.
Presentation of Lung Cancer in south of Punjab.
Biomedica Jan ;13(1):6-10.

This study has analysed 260 cases of lung cancer diagnosed by fibreoptic bronchoscopic biopsies, brushings or washings at the department of Chest Medicine, Nishter Hospital, Multan during the period 1991 to 1995. Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest type (53.8%) followed by small cell carcinoma (10.3%), large cell carcinoma (8%) and adenocarcinoma (53%). In 223% cases histology was positive for malignancy. Male to female ratio was approximately 7.6:1. Majority (62.6%) of the patients were in the age group of 51-70 years. Overall 86.1 cases were smokers and 13.9% non-smokers. Main respiratory symptoms were cough (73%), breathlessness (43.8%), haemoptysis (33.4%) and chest pain (32.3%). Non-specific symptoms were fever (25.7%), anorexia / weight loss (27%) and clubbing; (28%). Commonest intrathoracic metastatic manifestation was hoarseness (21.5%) whereas extrathoracic was cervical lymphadenopathy (15%). Chest radiographic adnormalities were hilar mass (37.6%), peripheral mass (27.3%), pleural effusion (153%), collapse (14.6%), consolidation (12.6%), cavitation (3.4%) and raised hemidiaphragm (3.4%).

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