Amir Rizwan Chohan, Muhammad Umar, Bushra Khaar, Muhammad Khurram, Muhammad Zahid, Syed Fahd Shah, Faiz Anwar, Asad Nasir, Rizwan Iqbal, Muhammad Shahzad Mumtaz Ansari.
Demographic Features of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Study of 30 Cases.
J Rawal Med Coll Jan ;5(2):81-3.

Background: A retrospective, cross sectional study to assess the demographic features of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Thirty patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were included in the study. Methods included interviewing the patients, reviewing their records and filling in the printed proforma. The data was analyzed by using statistical software i.e., SPSS and Epi-Info. Results: 20 (66.6%) patients were male and 10 (33.3%) were female. Male female ratio was 2:1 with mean age 59.2 years. The diagnosis was made on the basis of biopsy, clinical features and investigations. 26 (86.6%) patients presented with ache in the right hypochondrium, 24 (80%) with jaundice, 6 (20%) with hematemesis and 1 (3.3%) with melena. USG or CT abdomen revealed mass in right lobe in 24 (92%) and in left lobe 2 (7.7%). Alpha-fetoprotein was found elevated in 19 (63.3%) patients. Cirrhosis was present in 24 (80%) patients. ALT was raised in 20 (66.6%) and Alkaline Phosphatase levels were deranged in 8 (26.6%). The HBsAg was positive in 3 (10%) and Anti HCV antibody was found positive in 26 (86.6%) patients. Conclusion: The males of increased age are affected due to chronicity of HCV infection in old age. The patients may have signs of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The diagnosis is made on liver biopsy and / or a-fetoprotein. The ultrasound and CT scan are helpful in viewing the lobe involvement and measurement of size and extent of lesion.

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