Dania Aijaz Shah, Adil Aijaz Shah, Amarah Shakoor, Saulat Hasnain Fatimi.
An Early Tracheo-Innominate Fistula: Lessons Learnt from a Clinical Encounter.
J Pak Med Assoc Jan ;65(3):343-4.

Madam, a tracheo-innominate fistula is an infrequent yet life threatening complication which can approach rates of 0.1-1% after a tracheostomy. The incidence peaks1-2 weeks after the procedure.1 Despite immediate surgical intervention, the prognosis remains poor with mortality rates approaching 70% to 90%.2 We encountered an early tracheo-innominate fistula which became evident within 72 hours of a tracheostomy; much sooner than anticipated.

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