Bushra Khalil, Mariyam Sarfraz, Rukhsana Khan.
Socio-economic and demographic determinants of contraceptive uptake in pakistan.
Pak J Med Res Jan ;54(2):40-4.

Background: Despite initiation of family planning programs in 1960s, contraceptive uptake is very low in Pakistan because it is associated with various markers of socio-demographic status. Objective: To identify demographic and socioeconomic determinants of contraceptive uptake in Pakistan and see trends in contraceptive utilization from 1990-2013. Subjects and Methods: Using Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2006–07 data, descriptive secondary analysis was performed to inspect frequency of number of socio-demographic variables including age, education, place of residence, working status of women, number of living children and behavioral change factors. Bi-variate analysis was done to show relationships between current contraceptive use and all outcome variables mentioned before and multivariate logistic regression was employed to predict factors influencing contraceptive uptake. Projection of Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) was done for the year 2025 and trends in contraceptive use was analyzed using data from PDHS 1990-91, 2006-07 and 2012-13. Results: Secondary analysis of data on 9556 women was done. Sixty seven percent of the respondents were not using any method of contraception, 66.5% were illiterate, 62% resided in rural areas and only 25% of the women were employed. Bivariate analysis showed that contraceptive use was higher among older age women and those residing in urban areas. The results of multivariate regression showed married women in older age groups (35-44 years), those residing in rural areas and in Baluchistan Province were more likely not using contraceptives. Conclusion: An appropriate national family planning and population policy is required, particularly to increase contraceptive utilization among rural and newly married women. Provincial population departments should develop their own policies according to their regional and socio cultural requirement. Access to family planning should be increased through free availability of broad range of family planning commodities both at public and private health facilities especially in hard to reach areas.

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