Muhammad Yahya Noori, Zaheer Ali, Muhammad Nouman Mughal, Shaheen Sharafat, Muhammad Masroor, Rafiq Khanani.
Gender Distribution of Smear Positive Tuberculosis Cases at a Tertiary Care Chest Diseases Centre in Karachi.
J Dow Uni Health Sci Jan ;9(1):17-9.

Objective: To determine the gender differences in smear positive subjects off Tuberculosis presenting to a tertiary care chest disease hospital from urban population of Sindh province. Methods: Laboratory records of Provincial Reference Laboratory at Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases were retrospectively examined for the year 2013. Z-test for proportions was performed using Social Science Statistics© Calculator, while Odds ratio and Relative risk were calculated using online calculator available at Vassar Statistics©. Results: A total of 3006 suspects were screened over the period of twelve months in 2013 including 1766 males (58.75%) and 1240 females (41.25%). Of these, 452 males (25.59%) and 381 females (30.72%) were tested positives. There was a statistically significant (p-value = 0.01174) difference in the proportion of test positives among males and females. Male suspects outnumbered females by 1.42:1, however amongst the confirmed TB cases, this ratio reduced to 1.18:1. Odds ratio (OR) for smear positivity amongst males was 0.77, (95% CI 0.66-0.91) with a significantly lower odds (p-value <0.01) among males compared with females. Conclusions: The proportion of smear positivity in females exceeded that of males despite the fact that fewer females were screened for tuberculosis as compared to males. This may be suggestive of that we are only looking at the tip of the iceberg and a large number of undetected cases is present in females. This observation highlights the significance of prompt identification of active cases among the female population in Karachi. It is therefore suggested that efforts must be directed to active case finding in female population in the Karachi. It is important that efforts must be directed to active case finding in female population in the Karachi population.

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