Rabia Zonash, Kehkashan Arouj.
Effect of social intolerance on psychological distress in cardiac patients.
Pak J Med Res Jan ;56(1):12-6.

Background: The patients with diverse cardiac issues and physical illness experience different levels of social intolerance, depression, anxiety and stress. Objectives: To explore the relationship between social intolerance and psychological distress among cardiac patients and investigate the effect of different type of cardiac illness, its duration and physical symptoms on social intolerance and psychological distress. Study design, settings and duration: Cross-sectional study, conducted at Benazir Bhutto Hospital (BBH), Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology (RIC), Hearts International Hospital (HIH) and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) from September-December, 2014. Patients and Methods: The sample size of 180 adult cardiac patients was collected. These patients were selected from the cardiac units of 4 hospitals of Rawalpindi using purposive sampling. Social intolerance was assessed using Frustration Discomfort Scale (FDS), distress was assessed using depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS) Results: Out of 180 patients, 53.3% were males and 46.7% females. Their ages ranged from 20 to 60 years. Results revealed significant discomfort intolerance, (p < 0.01) entitlement (p < 0.05) and emotional intolerance (p < 0.01) in these patients. There was 45% variance in depression, while discomfort intolerance (p < 0.01) and achievement frustration (p < 0.01) showed 35% variance in anxiety. Conclusion: Cardiac patients suffer from major emotional distress. Key words: Cardiac patients, frustration discomfort scale, depression anxiety and stress scale, depression, anxiety, stress.

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