Muhammad Moin, Asif Mahmood Khokhar, Jamshaid Hameed.
Comparison between Early and Late Nasolacrimal Stents for Congenital Nasolacrimal Obstruction.
Pak J Ophthalmol Jan ;32(3):165-8.

Purpose: To compare the success of silicone tube stents for treatment of congenital nasolacrimal obstruction in children between the age of 1 – 3 years and 3 – 5 years. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Mayo Hospital and Lahore General Hospital from 2007 to 2016. Material and Methods: It is a retrospective review of 98 children with epiphora due to congenital nasolacrimal obstruction. All patients less than 5 years with failed probing were included in the study. Patients with traumatic nasolacrimal duct obstruction were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups. In group 1 children between 1–3 years and In group 2 children between 3–5 years were included. Patients were seen at follow up at 1 week, 4 weeks and one year at the time of tube removal. Success was defined as resolution of epiphora completely or patients having mild epiphora. Results: Group 1 included 46 patients and group 2 included 52 patients. The success rate in group I (with younger children) was 91% while in group II (with older children) the success rate was 82%. Complications included cheese writing in 3 patients and mild nasal bleeding in 18 patients. Conclusion: Our study shows that nasolacrimal stent intubation is better option in children with persistent epiphora after failed probing between 1 – 3 years.

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