Ali Akbar Shah, Fatehuddin Khand, Tayyab Uddin Khand.
Effect of smoking on serum xanthine oxidase, malondialdehyde, ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol levels in healthy male subjects..
Pak J Med Sci Jan ;31(1):146-9.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of smoking on serum xanthine oxidase, malondialdehyde, alpha- tocopherol and ascorbic acid levels in healthy adult male subjects. METHODS: This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out at Isra University Hyderabad from July 2012 to December 2012. One hundred and twenty apparently healthy adult male subjects (60 smokers and 60 non-smokers) included in present study, were recruited from Jaindal kot, a small village located midway between Hyderabad and Matiari. Serum samples from smokers and non-smokers were analyzed for xanthine oxidase and malondialdehyde levels by standard kit methods, while for ascorbic acid and alpha- tocopherol by spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS: The mean xanthine oxidase and malondialdehyde levels measured in healthy smokers were 0.30+/-0.05 mg/dl and 37.50+/-4.05 micromoles/l respectively as against 0.25+/-0.04 mg/dl and 19.86+/-2.21micromoles/l in non-smokers. Both xanthine oxidase and malondialdehyde levels were significantly (p<0.001) raised in healthy smokers than in non-smokers. Likewise, mean vitamin E and vitamin C levels were respectively 0.69+/-0.37 mg/dl and 0.80+/-0.16 mg/dl in healthy smokers compared to 1.14+/-0.43 mg/dl and 1.22+/-0.29 mg/dl in non-smokers. The concentrations of both these vitamins were significantly (p<0.001) lower in smokers than in non-smokers. CONCLUSION: The results of present study demonstrate that smoking had significantly increased xanthine oxidase and malondialdehyde levels and decreased vitamins C and E (antioxidants) levels. These findings suggest that smokers have to take additional amounts of vitamins C and E in order to avoid deleterious effects of smoking on their health.

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