Osmani M H, Shabnam Farooqui.
Cardiac changes in Chronic Renal Failure.
J Surg Pak Jan ;7(2):31-3.

This study was carried out for eight month from March 2001 to determine association between cardiovascular status and end-stage renal disease. Twenty-five patients (15 males and 10 females) between the age group of 15-75 years were included in the study. A detailed renal profile and cardiac evaluation was done, clinically as well as investigation including electrocardiogram and echocardiography were performed. The common cardiac changes detected in these patients with end-stage renal failure were hypertension 70%, left ventricular dysfunction 56%, coronary artery disease 40%, arrhythmias 16%, pericardial involvement 10%, uremic cardiomyopathy 4% and endocarditis 1% (mostly due to vascular access). The common risks factors for cardiovascular disease in general population and specific to patients with end-stage renal disease patients are discussed.

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