Ambreen Arif, Obaid Ullah, Afzal Khan Khattak, Aftab Khan, Israr Ahmad, Arif Mehmood Khan.
In-Vitro Antimicrobial Analysis of Routinely Used Antibiotics against Neonatal Bacteremia.
Pak Paed J Jan ;42(4):225-34.

Objective: To find out the antimicrobial efficacy of routinely used antibiotics against the isolated pathogenic bacteria from neonate?s blood sample. Method: This was one and half year prospective study carried out in the Nursery of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from November 2014 - April 2016. About 1ml of blood sample was taken from symptomatic neonates and inoculated into blood culture bottle containing Tryptic soy broth and incubated at 37?C for 24hrs. Sub-cultures were made on nutrient, blood agar and MacConkey agar. Bacterial growth was identified by standard bacteriological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby - Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 368 suspected neonates, blood culture positivity was observed in 26.6% samples. Positive blood culture results were higher in males (51%). Gram negative bacteria accounted for 66.3% and gram-positive bacteria for 33.7% cases of bacteremia respectively. Cephalosporins were least effective against both gram positive and negative bacteria associated bacteremia. Vancomycin is still effective against Staphylococcus aureus (97% sensitivity). Gram positive and negative bacteria showed emerging resistance against carbapenem (6%-29% resistance), amino glycoside(9%-76%resistance), quinolones (15%-79% resistance) and penicillins (15%-100% resistance). Conclusions: Gram negative bacteria were the major isolates of study. Isolated bacteria were resistant to cephalosporins and showed emerging resistance against the other antibiotic groups.

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