Rizwan Ahmad Khan, Shaukat Rabbani, Salma Batool, Mohammad Touseef Asghar.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Indications to Convert to Open Cholecystectomy? a Retrospective study, Analysis of 856 Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Operations..
Pak J Med Health Sci Jan ;12(2):760-1.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has now become gold standard for the removal of diseased gall bladder, Still it is inevitable to convert to open cholecystectomy in certain cases. Information regarding rate and causes of conversion to open operation could help surgeon in their treatment. Aim: To find out rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy and dealing with difficult cases. Study Design: A retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2017. Methodology: This Study included all Laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed at the department of surgery due to gall bladder disease from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2017. Patient’s Demographics, Indications for operation, co morbidity, previous abdominal operations were collected. Cases were analyzed in relation to conversion rate to open cholecystectomy, factors affecting conversions and completion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Exclusion criteria were absolute contraindication to Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, severe cardiovascular disease, severe pulmonary disease and advance liver disease. Results: Out of 856 patients undergone Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 188 were identified as difficult cases. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was successfully completed in 98.8% cases. Conversion rate was 1.16%. The most common causes for conversion were acute cholecystitis causing server inflammation and adhesions of calot’s triangle and bleeding

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