Saadia Hafeez Qureshi, Zahra Haider Bokhari, Raafea Tafweez Kuaishi.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Apple Cider Vinegar: a Histological study in Albino Rats.
J Sharif Med Dent Coll Jan ;6(2):95-100.

Objectives: To find out the protective effects of apple cider vinegar (ACV) on histology of the liver of albino rats. Methodology: It was an experimental study conducted at Experimental Research Lab (Animal House) of Post Graduate Medical Institute (PGMI) and Department of Anatomy & Department of Pathology of King Edward Medical University, Lahore. Forty male albino rats were divided by lottery method into 4 groups of 10 animals each. Group 1, control group (CG) was administered food and distilled water 0.5ml/kg body weight. Group 2, the energy drink group (EDG) was given 7ml/kg body weight energy drink. Group 3, apple cider vinegar group (ACVG) was given 2ml/kg body weight apple cider vinegar. Group 4, (ACVG+EDG) was given 2ml/kg body weight apple cider vinegar and 7ml/kg body weight energy drink. All the doses were given by oral gavage once a day for 30 days. Apple cider vinegar was diluted in distilled water in a 1:5 ratio. Results: Toxicity was produced by oral administration of energy drinks while hepatoprotectivity was observed by co-administration of apple cider vinegar along with the hepatotoxic agent. All slides of control group 1 showed normal architecture of the liver. In group 2, most animals showed a total loss of architecture of the hepatic lobule with congestion and an increase in the diameter of all vessels. Portal triad showed moderate inflammatory infiltrate and nuclei in this group showed pyknotic changes. Animals of group 3 showed dilated central vein with mild periportal inflammation and few dilated vessels in the portal triad. The mean diameter of hepatocytes in this group was 19.90+1.79um. Routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of group 4 showed mild periportal inflammation and few dilated vessels in the portal triad, vacuolization was present, and the mean diameter of hepatocytes was 22.00+1.35um. Conclusion: The dose of 1.3ml/150gm body weight/day of energy drink is hepatotoxic to rats at the histological level. Apple cider vinegar when given to rats for a month has a protective role in hepatotoxicity induced by energy drinks in rats as evident by hepatocellular damage at the histological level. Thus ACV offered partial protection to the liver against damage by energy drinks. Keywords: Apple cider vinegar. Energy drink. Apple cider vinegar group. Hepatoprotection. Albino Rats.

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