Akrem M Al-atrushi, Ahmed Mahamed Salih, Azad M Tahir Salih.
Ophthalmia neonatorum in duhok, north of iraq: bacterial causative agents and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern.
Isra Med J Nov ;4(4):209-13.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the most common bacteriologic causes of ophthalmia neonatorum and their sensitivity to antibiotics in Duhok. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study PLACE AND DURATION: The study was done in Duhok. North of Iraq from April 2010 to June 2011. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Samples were taken from 200 neonates with sticky eyes admitted in Azadi Hospital and cultured on chocolate, nutrient and blood agar to detect the bacteria causing these infections. Disk-diffusion test was performed to determine their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. RESULTS: Out of the total 200 swabs taken, 138(31%) yielded growth of bacteria. The most common organisms isolated were Klebsiella species 35(25.36%) and Escherichia coli 34(24.63%) followed by Streptococcus viridans, Enterobacter species, Staphylococcus aureus, Betahemolytic Streptococci, Staphylococcus albus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus species and non-specific Streptococci with a decreasing frequency. Klebsiella species and E. coli were sensitive to Amikacin and Ciprofloxacin, 91.42% and 94.11% respectively. Streptococcus viridans, Enterobacter species and Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (100%) , Chloramphenicol (76%) and Amikacin (76%) . Enterobacter species sensitivity to each of Chloramphenicol, Amikacin and Gentamicin was 68.75% while its sensitivity to Tetracyclin was 43.75%. Streptococcus viridans sensitivity to each of Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline and Amikacin was 76% while to Ceftazidime was 42.8%. Staphylococcus aureus sensitivity to Chloramphenicol was 88.88% and each of Tetracyclin and Ceftazidime was 77.77% while to Amikacin sensitivity was 55.55%. CONCLUSION: In this study the most common causative bacterial agents were Klebsiella species, E. coli and Streptococcus viridans having highest sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin followed by Amikacin, Chloramphenicol and Tetracyclin. There was no significant variation between the causative agents of the first and second day onset and those of the later onset disease.

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