Alia Ahmed, Kiran Imtiaz Khan, Mansoor Ahmed Khan.
Etiology of traumatic injuries to the teeth; a cross-sectional study.
Pak Oral Dental J Nov ;39(1):85-8.

Different etiological factors cause different forms of injuries to the dental tissues.Determining the etiology is not only crucial for correct diagnosis, it is also central in devising and implementing the appropriate treatment plan.This study identifies& assesses etiologic factors for dental traumatic injuries and correlates with the tooth/teeth involved, type of trauma & clinical findings. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to obtain information from a total of 44 patients that presented to Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad with dental trauma. The information acquired included the history of the traumatic incident, the teeth involved, the type of injury and the vitality status of the tooth. The results show that dental trauma was more common in males as compared to females with a ratio of 2.4:1.0. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) and falls were the most frequent causes of traumatic injuries to the teeth in men (70%) whereas among women, falls were the most common (61.5%). The teeth most frequently affected by all forms of injury were the maxillary central incisors followed by maxillary lateral incisors. The most prevalent form of injury was the enamel-dentin fracture accounting for 38% of all injuries, followed by complicated crown fractures that made up for 16%. Of all the teeth affected by trauma, more than half (54.60%) were non-vital.

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