Javed Iqbal, Mazhar Hussain, Abid Hussain, Muhammad Bilal Ghafoor.
Paraphylene diamine/kala pathar poisoning; to study the demographic profile, clinical manifestations and outcome of paraphylene diamine / kala pathar poisoning at Sheikh Zayed hospital Rahim Yar Khan..
Professional Med J Dec ;26(05):825-30.

Objectives: To study the baseline characteristics, clinical presentation and consequences of paraphenylene diamine (PPD) commonly known as Kala Pathar poisoning. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Medicine Department of Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital Rahim Yar Khan. Methodology: A total of 42 patients with PPD poisoning were admitted in medical ward no 1 over a period of one year from January 2016 to December 2016. These patients were assessed in terms of baseline characteristics, clinical presentation and consequences of PPD poisoning by using SPSS 16. Results: There were 13 (31.0%) male with mean age 25.87±5.59, 28(66.7%) female with mean age 21±7 and 1(2.4%) shemale. Majority of them were unmarried 32(76.19%), belonged to rural area 36 (85.7%) with low socio economic status 32(76.19%) and purpose of poisoning was suicidal (95%) with p-value less than 0.001. More than 90% patients had social conflict in family. More than 90% patients presented with neck & face edema, pain in throat, muscle aches & pain, difficulty in swallowing and speaking as an earliest clinical findings. Regarding complication of PPD poisoning 47.61% patients developed Rhabdomyolysis, 39.09% hyperkalemia, 37.5% acute renal failure and 90% patients had hepatic damage in the form of elevated SGPT. A total of 66.6% patients were discharged while mortality was observed in 33.3% patients in spite of that 76.1% patient underwent tracheostomy and 33.3% assisted ventilation. Female gender, time delay, acute hepatic and renal failures were independent predictor of mortality after PPD poisoning. Conclusion: Paraphenylene diamine (PPD) poisoning was associated with high mortality rate. There is urgent need to give public awareness to people about this deadly poison. Moreover government should take initiative to restrict PPD use and provide some cheap alternative in order to reduce its incidences.

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