Arif Pervez Rajput, Ammar Arif.
Impact of drinking water and other causative factors for Nephrolithiasis.
Pak J Med Health Sci Jan ;1(1):37-41.

Impact of drinking water i.e.. its hardness and calcium contents on urolithiasis was studied. Thirty adult patients, both males and females of nephrolithiasis (Group-I) compared with those of 34 age matched control (Group-II) were included in this study. Mean age of Group-I was 30.63 and ± SD 3.58 and of Group-II was 28.62 ± SD 2.60. Mean serum calcium level of Goup-I was 9.56 mg/100ml and ± SD 0.7 and of Group-II was 8.8mg/100ml ± SD 1.30, which was significant (p<0.05). Mean 24 hours urinary excretion of calcium in Group-I had 287.79 (± SD181.29) and in Group-II had 187mg (±SD 88.91), which is significant. Mean serum uric acid was 5.37mg/dl (± SD 1.66) in Group-I and 5.40mg/dl (±SD1.52) in Group-I 1 which is non significant. Mean 24 hour urinary excretion of uric acid in stone patients was 424.31mg±SD 142.16 and in normal subjects was 314.29mg ± SD173.49 (significant at p<0.05). Stone formers had a mean 24-hour urinary out put of 1336.7ml ±SD 773.83, while non-stone formers had a mean out put of 1129.41ml ± SD 512.36, which is not significant. Mean pH of freshly voided urine of Group-I had 6.24 ± SD 0.78, while in Group-II had 6.12±SD 0.38 and was not significant. Economic status and family history of both group was also analysed. Mean ± SE Comparison of various variables of drinking water was also analysed.

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