Nazar Ali Memon, Altaf Ahmed Talpur, Jan Muhammad Memon.
Indications and complications of indwelling ureteral stenting at NMCH, Nawabshah.
Pak J Surg Jan ;23(3):180-2.

Objective: To analyze the pattern of clinical indications and complications of Indwelling Ureteral Stents. Design & Duration: A prospective study from November 2002 to November 2005. Setting: Department of Urology, Nawabshah Medical College Hospital (NMCH), Nawabshah. Patients: All patients who underwent J. J. Stenting were included in the study. Methodology: These patients were evaluated by taking a detailed history, performing comprehensive clinical examination and doing various investigations like blood urea, serum creatinine, renal ultrasound, X-ray KUB, IVU, and preliminary cystoscopy. Majority of stents were placed endoscopically under local/spinal anaesthesia and were removed easily under topical anaesthesia cystoscopically. Results: Of the total 120 cases, 95 (79.2%) had upper urinary tract obstruction and nine (7.5%) upper tract urinary leakage, while eight (6.7%) patients required stenting during upper urinary tract surgery and another eight (6.7%) after upper tract endoscopic manipulation. In majority of cases stents were successful in providing free drainage. No mortality was seen during the use of Stents, but certain minor and major complications were encountered in 95 (79.2%) cases. Conclusion: This study show that the decision of ureteral stenting must not be taken lightly, as it is not free of complications. Certain precautions and guidelines must be observed whenever they are deployed. It is important to remember that the ureteral stent is a double edged weapon and can behave as a friend or an enemy.

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