Mohammad Mussadiq Khan.
Management of Bleeding Esophageal Varices- A review.
Med Channel Jan ;4(1):31-42.

Portal hypertension resulting in bleeding oesophageal varices is a commonly seen in medical practice in Pakistan. There is enough evidence available in the local literature to show this as one of the most common causes of upper GI bleeding. Natural history of patients bleeding from oesophageal varices, depending upon the cause of portal hypertension, with worst prognosis for patients with ongoing liver damage and poor liver reserve. Amongst numerous causes of portal hypertension, the most commonly seen in Pakistan is cirrhosis of liver, secondary to viral hepatitis followed by noncirrhotic portal hypertension (Idiopathic Portal Hypertension) and extra - hepatic portal vein obstruction.

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