Riffat Sultana, Nargis Parveen, Ghulam Jillani Khan, Shamim Alam, Anjum Humayun, Rashid Mahmood.
Study of lipoprotein patterns as an atherogenic factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
J Med Sci Jan ;19(2):70-3.

Objectives: To detect serum lipoprotein abnormalities and Body Mass Index differences in type 2 diabetic middle aged men and women compared to controls, to evaluate the effect of gender on lipid abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in these patients and to evaluate its correlation to non diabetic patients. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar from July 2005 to July 2008. This study investigated the patterns and determinants of lipid disorders among a group of 400 type 2 adult diabetic patients and 100 age-matched healthy controls. Demographic and clinical data, body mass index and fasting blood samples were taken to estimate the blood sugar and lipid profile. Random blood sugar samples were taken after 2 hours of taking routine breakfast. Participants of the study were categorized into 4 groups. In the diabetic patients groups 158 men and 242 women and in the control group 44 men and 56 women were included. The age limit was 40 to 60 years. Results: The results indicated highly significant difference between the biochemical indices of controls and patients. Compared to controls patients had poor glycaemic control, statistically significant increase in triglycerides level and a decrease in High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Other lipid values showed a slight increase compared to controls. Total Cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDLC), Low Density lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDLC) and Triglycerides (TG) values showed significant difference (P<0.001). Diabetic women had significantly higher plasma levels of Mean Cholesterol (189.3 vs. 180.6, P<0.022), Mean Triglycerides (190.1 vs 176.0, P<0.121), Mean Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (103.9 vs. 99.2, P<0.079), Mean High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (46.0vs 45.8, P<0.311). There was a statistically significant association of triglycerides and HDL-C with increasing obesity, female sex, and poor glycaemic control. The female patients were more overweight than the male patients with a mean BMI of 30.18 (SD 4.319) kg/m2 versus 29.58 (SD 4.56) kg/m.2 Conclusions: All types of dyslipidaemia were significantly more prevalent in females, especially in diabetics due to the risk factor of obesity and poor control of diabetes.

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