Shahid Jamal, Manzoor Ahmad, Amir Hussain Khan, Sajid Mushtaq.
Carcinoma esophagus - A clinicopathological study of 50 cases at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi.
Pak J Pathol Jan ;8(2):24-8.

The carcinoma oesophagus is a dreadful disease with very high mortality rate. Only limited information is available about the pattern of disease in Pakistan. We carried out a study of 50 cases of carcinoma oesophagus. This malignancy was found to be 1.87% of all and 11.11 of gastrointestinal tract malignant tumours. The male to female ratio was 1.38:1 and mean age of presentation was 50.7 years. The ethnic variation was observed and Pushto speaking population of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) was more frequently affected. In our series 25% of cases were pushto speaking. The relative risk of 3.34 times for smokers and about 2 times for the naswar (snuff) users was found, whereas history of hot tea and spicy food intake was found in 36% cases. The lower 1 /3rd of the oesophagus was predominant site of involvement (46%) but in females lesions of upper 1/3rd of the organ were seen in majority of the cases. The squamous cell carcinoma (of grade III and IV) was the main histological type (92%). The surgical treatment was offered to most of the cases (43.33%) followed by the radiotherapy (33.33%) but follow up of the cases showed very poor survival especially with surgical treatment.

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