Sabeen Farhan, Muhammad Arif Nadeem, Muhammad Irfan, Khalil Ahmad, Ghulam Abbas, Ishtiaq Bokhari, Aftab Mohsin.
Outcome of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of Patients Presenting With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed.
Pak J Med Health Sci Jan ;6(4):985-7.

Objective: To document various endoscopic findings in our unit in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal bleed. Design: Observational Patients and methods: The data of patients who underwent upper GI endoscopy in endoscopy unit medical unit III of Services Hospital Lahore from January 2010 to December 2010 was analyzed. Reasons for referral and endoscopic diagnoses were noted. Results: Among 218 patients, 53.2% (n=116) had esophageal varices with red sign. 53.2% (n=116) had moderate to severe portal hypertensive gastropathy. 13.7% (n=30) had fundal varices with red sign, 11% (n=24) had gastric ulcers, hemorrhagic gastritis and gastric erosions. 10% (n=22) had duodenal ulcers or erosions with evidence of recent bleed. Lesser common causes with percentage less than 5% included gastro esophageal reflux disease, telangectasias, mallory weiss tears and stomach cancers. 3.7% (n=8) had normal endoscopy. Conclusion: The most common endoscopic finding in patients with upper GI bleeding was moderate to severe portal hypertensive gastropathy and esophageal varices with red sign.

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