Mashal Khan, Khalid Mahmood A Khan, Saad-u-allah Chachar, Ashfaque Ahmed Memon.
Association and Outcome of Acute Renal Failure in Neonates in a Tertiary Care Hospital.
Pak Paed J Jan ;38(2):96-101.

Objective: To determine the various predisposing causes and immediate outcome in neonates admitted with acute renal failure. Study design: Case series. Place and duration of study: Neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) of National Institute of Child Health Karachi from January 2012 to August 2012. Material and Methods: A total of 2650 patients were evaluated for acute renal failure (ARF) in NICU out of which 117patientswere included in the study. The neonates (0-28 days) fulfilling the definition of ARF i.e. anuria/oliguria plus s.creatinine of > 1.5 mg/dl were included in this study. After taking informed consent, a separate proforma was filled for each patient that included pertinent history, physical examination and laboratory tests. Outcome of each patient was recorded. Data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). P-value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Acute renal failure was diagnosed in 117 cases (4.41%). Male were 74 (63.24%) and female were 43 (36.75%). The male and female ratio was 1.7:1. The mean age and weight ± standard deviation (SD)was 10.47 ± 7.84 days and 2.65 ± 0.71 7.84 kg respectively. Birth asphyxia (30.77%), sepsis (26.49%), respiratory distress syndrome (12.82%) and dehydration (11.11%) were the common causes of acute renal failure. The overall mortality was 21.4%. Birth asphyxia 27.78% and sepsis 25.80% were the leading causes of mortality. Conclusion: Acute renal failure is a common problem seen in neonatal intensive care units. Most of the patients had more than one predisposing factors for acute renal failure. Early recognition of risk factors and rapid treatment of contributing conditions can reduce acute renal failure in newborns babies.

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