Mahtab Alam Khanzada, Nisar Ahmed Siyal, Shahid Azim Mirza, Arif Memon, Abdullah El-muttaqi, Asad A Mirza.
Frequency and types of diabetic maculopathy in type II diabetes.
Pak J Surg Jan ;29(2):139-42.

Objective: To determine the frequency and types of maculopathy in type II diabetic patients in relation to diabetic retinopathy. Methodology: Two hundred ninety four patients having Diabetes Mellitus were registered. All patients were divided in four groups according to age. The subjects were evaluated for diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy by dilated fundoscopy and Fundus Fluorescence Angiography when as needed. The retinopathy was then graded as 0 to 5 (0=No diabetic retinopathy (DR); I=mild DR; 2=moderate 3=severe DR; 4=proliferative DR; 5=advance DR and maculopathy). Results: Total number of patients having diabetes was 294 (153=Male, 141=Female). 125 (42.5%) had diabetic retinopathy. Of the 125 patients 71 (56.8%) were found with grade 1, 22 (17.6%) with grade 2 and 32 (25.6%) with grade 3 diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic marculopathy was detected in 20.4% of the study cases. Focal macular edema was detected in 3.40%, diffuse macular edema 7.14%, exudative macular edema 5.10%, ischemic macular edema 1.70%, cystoid macular edema 1.36%, and edema of proliferative diabetic retinopathy was observed in 1.70% subjects. Conclusion: Patients with diabetes mellitus should be encouraged to maintain the glycaemic control and to undergo regular eye examination to delay the development of diabetic retinopathy maculopathy.

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