Yasmeen B, Khan M Z, Jamshaid N.
Ubjective well – being: case reports of cardiac and renal failure patients.
Biomedica Jan ;30(4):294-300.

Background: Biomedical health only focuses on health problems and disease. Psychological and sociological explanations provide a broader concept of health. Subjective well being relates to the functional, physical, social, psychological, and behavioral health. However, health behavior is influenced by individual physical health and abilities. Among economic resources, some background factors such as age, gender, and socio-economic status play important role. Other than resources, social support builds adaptive capacity of an individual that bring gradual change in day to day life. It also enhances individual efforts for well – being in the physical, psychological, and social domains of life such as management of health problems. Objective: To explore the subjective feelings of well – being of cardiac and renal failure patients that how social support and coping strategies influence in the context of Pakistani society. Methodology: The empirical data was collected from four major hospitals in Lahore. For the collection of quantitative data, a hospital – based survey was conducted by using a structured interview schedule. 275 admitted patients (131 – cardiac and 144 – renal failure) 184 males and 91 females between age of 20 to 110 years were interviewed. Mean age was 44 years. Z-test for the differences of means was used in social support (emotional, informational, material, instrumental), coping (physical, psychological, and behavioral) and subjective well – being. Results: Suggest that there exist a statistical significant difference of received emotional and informational social support. For material and instrumental social support, it was found insignificant. In coping, z-test suggests that there exist a statistical significant difference in behavioral and psychological coping. For physical coping, it was found insignificant. Conclusion: Renal failure patients cope physically better than cardiac patients whereas cardiac patients cope psychologically and behaviorally better than renal failure patients. Results indicate that there exists a statistically significant difference in behavioral and psychological coping. For physical coping, it was found insignificant.

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