Nauman Tarif, Omer Sabir, Azra Niaz, Kashif Rafique, Nabiha Rizvi, Rizwan Akhtar.
Hyponatraemia: Epidemiology and aetiology in a tertiary care centre in Pakistan.
J Pak Med Assoc Jan ;66(11):1436-9.

Objective: To determine the incidence, aetiology and epidemiology of hospitalized patients with hyponatraemia. Methods: Subjects were identified through hospital information system for two consecutive low sodium values (< 130 mEq/L) and charts were reviewed retrospectively. Possible etiologic factors were identified and co-morbidities documented. Management plans were also noted. Results: Among the hospitalized patients the incidence of hyponatraemia was 6.72%. The mean age was 54.8±14.8 years and there were 50% males. The mean serum sodium at presentation was 122 mEq/L. Most common causes were volume depletion (30.6%) and chronic kidney disease (22.6%). Most of the patients had two or more co morbidities. Hyponatraemia at presentation and improvement or worsening during hospital stay did not affect survival of patients. Conclusions: Hypervolaemic hyponatraemia was the most common presentation in our study.

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