Asima Mehboob Khan, Rizwan Taj, Farhana Kazmi, Aamir Raza Ayub.
Prevalence of Psychiatric Co Morbidity in patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Ann Pak Inst Med Sci Jan ;11(4):227-33.

Objective: To see the prevalence of psychiatric co morbidity in patients with Type 2 Diabetes in comparison with non diabetics. Materials & Methods: The study was conducted in diabetic clinic of general medicine department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Science, Islamabad from Feb 2013 to April 2013. Study design was cross – sectional comparative. 52 T2DM (26 males and 26 females) were recruited. Control group comprised of 80 non diabetic individuals (40 males and 40 females). Informed and written consent along with demographic information was obtained from all participants of both groups. An inclusion criterion was designed for experimental group and control group. Also diabetic complications were taken into consideration. Following study tools include Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD-S), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), World Health Organization (WHO – 5 and WHO Quality of life Brief (WHO – QOL BREF). Data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 14. Results: Findings of the study reveals that Psychiatric co morbidity is common among patients of T2DM compared with non diabetics. On HAD scale, mean score of anxiety in patients with Type 2 diabetes was 11.9 compared to non diabetics who showed 3.89. While mean score of depression was 15.54 in patients with type 2 diabetes and mean score of non diabetics was 6.70. Mean score of patients with Type 2 diabetes on WHO-5 was 29.38 and mean score of non diabetic was 75.9. On PHQ9 scale, patients with Type 2 diabetes scored mean of 16.21 and non diabetics had 4.78 mean score. Mean score showed by Type 2 diabetics was 48.13 compared to non diabetics whose mean score was 91.64. Depression and anxiety was more prevalent among males as per indicated by all scales administered.65.4% T2DM showed poor metabolic control. Conclusion: Findings of our study concluded the prevalence of high level of depression and anxiety among type 2 diabetics compared to non-diabetics. Comorbid depression is significantly associated with higher HbA1c and increased age. The negative effect of depression on achieving good glycaemic control means that physicians need to screen for and manage this disorder to improve the quality of life of diabetes patients. It is therefore very important to make psychiatric assessment as part of initial evaluation in diabetic clinics so that these patients could take delivery of proper psychiatric management for improving their quality of life and decreasing the adverse results.

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