Nadeem Hafeez Khokhar, Mohtada Hassan, Ma Angela Gonzalez.
Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Four Composite Restorative Materials.
J Pak Dent Assoc Jan ;22(1):33-41.

OBJECTIVE: Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface roughness of direct composite resin restorative materials after polishing with different polishing systems (diamond finishing and polishing burs, aluminium oxide disks and abrasive impregnated disks). METHODOLOGY: The composite resin materials investigated included Clearfil AP -X (hybrid), Filtek Z-250 (hybrid), Definite (Ormocer), and Silux Plus (microfill). Forty disk specimens (10 mm x 2 mm) of each of these composite resin were prepared. Ten mylar cured specimens were assigned for each polishing system and ten were used as controls with no further treatment after curing. A profilometer (Taly Surf 4, Mitotuyo Ltd. Japan) was used to measure the surface roughness (Ra) One way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference between the different composites and the polish groups for surface roughness at p < 0.05. Although Definite had the smoothest surface of the materials tested except when treated with abrasive impregnated disks which left Silux Plus with the best surface finish, Post-hoc Scheffe’s test showed no significant difference between Definite and Z-250 when polished with diamond burs and upon treatment with Soflex the difference was not significant between Definite, Z-250 and AP-X. Among the polishing materials used the smoothest surface was produced on specimens that were cured under the mylar strip and polished with the Soflex disks polishing system. The roughness values for the different test groups were almost identical when cured under the mylar strip. There was no significant difference between the surface roughness values of any material upon treatment with mylar. Upon treatment with diamond burs there was no significant difference between Definite and Filtek Z-250 but there was significant difference (p < 0.05) found between Definite and the other composites. CONCLUSION: Among the restorative materials tested, Definite had the lowest surface roughness, whereas alu-minum oxide disks produced smoother surface than other polishing systems. Diamond burs produced highest val-ues of surface roughness.

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