Shahbaz Khan, Muhammad Amber Fareed, Muhammad Kaleem, Shahab-ud Din, Kefi Iqbal.
An Updated Review Of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Part-1 : Compositional Analysis, Setting Reaction And Physical Properties.
J Pak Dent Assoc Jan ;23(4):140-7.

The aims of Part-1 updated review are present the chemical composition, setting reaction, mechanism of action and physical properties of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). MTA is a biocompatible and bioactive material which gained rapid acceptance in the field of dentistry. The powder of MTA contains fine hydrophilic particles (1.0-30 μm) of calcium silicate phases and bismuth oxide whereas; different liquids have been used to hydrate MTA powder. Several methods have been reported for compositional analysis including energy dispersive analysis with X-ray (EDAX), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), energy x-ray spectrometry and energy dispersive spectroscopy. When MTA powder is mixed with water, calcium hydroxide (CH) and calcim silicate hydrate (C-S-H) are initially formed and eventually transform into a poorly crystallized and porous solid gel. The mineral phases of MTAinclude dicalcium silicate (C2S), tricalcium silicate (C3S), tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and tetracalcium aluminoferrate (C4AF) which reacts with water to produce calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and calcium hydroxide. The physical properties of MTA are influenced by the storage media, powder/(C-S-H) ratio, method of mixing, condensation pressure, humidity, the type of MTA, environmental pH, the length of time between mixing and evaluation, thickness of the material and temperature during setting. Generally, MTA has a long setting time, high pH, low compressive strength and possesses antibacterial and antifungal properties.

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