Junaid Mahmood Alam, Ishrat Sultana, Syed Riaz Mahmood, Sarah Sughra Asghar, Amna Hussain.
Determination of Urinary Protein to Creatinine Ratio as a Predictor of Renal Insufficiency and End-Stage Renal Disease.
Baqai J Health Sci Jan ;10(1):15-9.

Renal failure occurs as a consequence of the loss of important homeostatic regulation that the kidneys provide. Moreover, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and the resulting uremic syndrome may caused by a wide variety of factors such as chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, immunological diseases, hypertension, and toxic and ischemic damage to kidneys. It is reported that in patients with various renal diseases, reducing urinary protein excretion (proteinuria) slows the rate of decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Analyses have also shown a strong correlation between the degree of proteinuria and the rate of progression of renal failure. It has been observed that in patients with chronic proteinuric nephropathies, the ratio of protein to creatinine predicted the rate of decline in GFR and the progression to ESRD. Several research studies have suggested that patients with a urinary protein:creatinine (P:C) ratio of less than 1.0 had slow pace of renal anomalies with no ESRD where as those with a ratio of 1.0 or greater than 1.0 had decrease in GFR and a higher risk of ESRD. The presented study includes the data of assessment of urinary: creatinine ratio in patients with renal disease such as ARF, CRF. It was observed that those with P:C ratio greater than 1.0 were undergoing dialysis and a decline in renal functions relates to rise in P:C ratio and subsequent manifestation of ESRD.

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