Muhammad Azhar Iqbal, Amber Hussain, Maria Imran, Muhammad Usman Azhar, Shazia Azhar.
Heel Pain And Its Associations.
Esculapio J Services Inst Med Sci Jan ;13(1):5-9.

Objective: Heel pain is an everyday increasing problem in young people more commonly in females. It is estimated that about one million people with complaint of heel pain seek medical advice per year. Therefore, it was needed to highlight its clinical associations. Methods: One hundred and thirty-eight cases with heel pain were registered. For comparison, 134 subjects were registered as control. All subjects were segregated into gender groups. Each gender group was further subdivided into young (age < 40) and old (age > 40) groups. Three parameters were considered, i) blood pressure, ii) body mass index (BMI) and iii) serum uric acid level. Results: The overall male to female ratio was 1:3. There was significant difference (p < .05) in the means of systolic and diastolic blood pressure of old (> 40) cases of both gender groups. The Odds ratio showed association between DBP and heel pain in female group only. There was significant difference (p < .05) in the means of BMI of cases from those of age and gender matched controls. The Odds ratios also showed strong association between increased BMI and heel pain. There was significant difference (p < .05) in the means of uric acid levels of cases from those of controls in female groups only. Similarly, the Odds ratio in this group showed association between hyperuricemia and heel pain. When above parameters were analysed for anindependentrisk factor, increased BMI and hyperuricemia were found to be associated with heel pain as isolated and independent risk factors. Conclusion: In our study, the female cases outnumbered the male cases by 1:3.The results showing the association between heel pain and increased BMI were well consistent with the international studies. For hyperuricemia, the association with heel pain was also consistent with international studies. Similarly, the hypertension was also found in the cases with heel pain in old groups only. The obesity and hyperuricemia were found to beisolated and independent risk factors associated with the heel pain.

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