Shahid Mahmood, Ghazia Qasmi, Anjum Razzaq.
Socio-demographic and Lifestyle Factors Related with the Risk of Prostate Cancer.
Esculapio J Services Inst Med Sci Jan ;8(4):152-8.

Carcinoma of prostate is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men in developed countries. Incidence rate among African-Americans is highest (185.4 per 100,000) in the world followed by Caucasian-Americans (107.8 per 100,000). Despite high morbidity and mortality, etiology of prostate cancer remains largely unknown. Advancing age, race and family history are the only established risk factors. However, racial and genetic factors alone cannot explain the wide international variation in disease distribution. The objective of this review was to summarize socio-demographic and lifestyle factors in relation to prostate cancer risk. A systematic search was conducted including articles published in peer reviewed journals indexed in MEDLINE/ Pub Med database. Prostate cancer incidence was found to be proportional to increasing urbanization and rise in socioeconomic status. Factors associated with increased prostate cancer risk include raised androgens levels, high saturated fat in diet, reduced physical activity, obesity, smoking and working as farmer. Pattern of prostate cancer incidence and mortality suggests that both genetic and environmental factors contribute towards an excess risk of disease; nevertheless, environmental and life-style factors, especially trend of urbanization and change in socioeconomic status may have accrued the prostate cancer risk in developing countries.

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