Mohammad Alam, Misbah Durrani, Lal Mohammad, Irfan Ullah Khan.
Prevalence and Density of Amblyopia in Strabismic Patients of School Age Children.
Ophthalmol Update Jan ;13(2):79-81.

Objective: To find out the prevalence and density of amblyopia in strabismic patients of school age children. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted in eye care centre Karak and Jan eye clinic Kohat from June 2013 to June 2014 with the objective to know the prevalence and density of amblyopia in school age children with strabismus. School age children with strabismus from age range of 5-15 years were included in the study. Visual acuity was checked with Snellen chart. Anterior segment and posterior segment examination was done with direct and indirect ophthalmoscope and slit lamp. Retinoscopy with cycloplegia was done to find out refractive error. Strabismus was assessed with Hirschberg and cover-un cover test. Amblyopia was recorded as mild of 2 lines difference, moderate 3 lines difference while more than 3 lines was graded as severe amblyopia. Total 106 school age children with strabismus were included in the study. Children with co.ocular morbidity except strabismus and refractive error were excluded from the study. Results: All patients were from age range of 5-15 years with mean age of 7.8 years. Out of 106 patients 68 (64.15%) were male and 38 (35.84%) were female. 81 (76.41 %) patients had esotropia out of which 63 (77.77%) had uniocular while 18 (22.22%) had alternating esotropia. 25 (23.58%) patients had exotropia out of which 19 (76%) had uniocular while 6 (24%) had alternating exotropia. In uniocular esotropic 63 patients, 60 (95.23%) patients had amblyopia. The density of amblyopia was mild in 34 (56.66%). moderate in 21 (35%) and severe in 5 (8.33%) of uniocular esotropic group. In alternating esotropic group out of 18 patients 7 (38.88%) had amblyopia in which mild was present in 6 (85.71) and moderate in 1(14.28%). 25 patients were exotropic out of which 19 patients had uniocular exotropia while 6 patients had alternating exotropia. In 19 uniocular exotropic patients, 14(73.68%) patients had amblyopia in which 9 (64.28%) patients had mild,3(21.42%) had moderate while 2 (14.28%) had severe amblyopia. In alternating exotropic group out of 6 patients 5(83.33%) had mild while 1(20%) had moderate amblyopia. Most of the amblyopic patients had hypermetropia . Conclusion: Strabismus is a common cause of amblyopia in children. Early screening and management of school age children is necessary to prevent amblyopia.

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