Shamshad Ali, Naseer Ahmad, Khalid Jamal, Shahid Mahmood Diyal, Intzar Hussain.
Incidence of Refractive Errors in Secondary School Children in a Town of Lahore, Pakistan.
Ophthalmol Update Jan ;13(3):189-92.

Objective: To determine the frequency of refractive errors in the eyes of Secondary School children of three public sector schools of a town of Lahore. Materials and Methods: This Cross sectional study was conducted in Secondary schools from Lahore & Department of Ophthalmology Services Hospital Lahore from 20th Nov 2013 to 20th May 2014. Total 1050 eyes of different school children were selected. Informed consents were obtained from their respective school authority. They were documented on proper proforma for management and follow up results. Results: A total of 525 students i.e. 1050 eyes were examined with age range from 11 to 16 years. Mean age of children was 13.1 + 1.54 years. 54.1 % children were boys and 45.9% were girls. Refractive errors were present in 21.7% (n=228) eyes. Out of 228 ametropic eyes, myopia was present in 42.5%, hyperopia in 32.9% and astigmatism in 24.6% (n=56) eyes. Conclusion: This study has shown that frequency of refractive errors is 21.7% and that of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism among ametropic eyes is 42.5%, 32.9% and 24.6% respectively.

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