Zafar Ahmad Khan, Musharraf Ali Khan.
Chemical Composition of Urinary Stones in Patients from Dera Ismail Khan Region, KPK.
Ophthalmol Update Jan ;13(4):311-4.

Objective: To document the chemical composition of urinary calculi at our center from Dera Ismail Khan Region. Study Design: Descriptive study. Place & Duration: Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. 01 year duration from Feb. 2012 to Jan, 2013. Methods: The study included 100 patients, which have undergone endoscopic and open surgery or received extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for urinary calculi. All patients were screened for urinary tract infection by urine routine examination, urine culture and ultrasonography. Stones/fragments or gravel retrieved were sent for chemical analysis. Results: In the chemical analysis, Calcium (93%) was the most commonly observed major component. Out of these, 63% were calcium oxalate oxalate. 30% were mixed stones. while 6% were pure uric acid stones. Only one contained cystine mixed with uric acid. Conclusion: Calcium containing mixed stones remains the commonest type of stone observed in our study.

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