Muhammad Yasir Malik, Hira Tariq, Amna Yasmeen, Rida Ahmed, Anila Naz, Syed Omair Adil.
Impaired Colour Vision and Contrast Sensitivity in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.
Pak J Ophthalmol Jan ;34(1):30-7.

Purpose: This study determines the major factors which lead to the complications in diabetic patients irrespective of diabetes status. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Ophthalmology, Dow University Hospital from September 2015 to December 2016. Material and Methods: A total of two hundred patients were included. Information regarding types of diabetes (Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) / Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)), diabetic status (controlled / uncontrolled), Snellen acuity, color vision and contrast sensitivity was collected from patients attending eye OPD along with demographic data of patients. Result: There were 51% males and 49% females with mean age of 50.23 ± 7.89 years. There were 87% married patients, 60.5% had controlled diabetes while 39.5% had uncontrolled diabetes. Patients having T2DM were 76.5% and patients with T1DM were 23.5%. Snellen visual acuity of 6/9 was seen in 27% patients in the right eye and 28% in the left eye. There was a significant association of status of diabetes with colour vision deficiency (p-value 0.031). Diabetic patients, who were using glasses, were 2.2 folds more susceptible to have defects in contrast visual acuity than those who were not using glasses (ORadj=2.2, 95% CI: 1.0 ? 4.7). Conclusion: Colour vision deficiency was significantly associated with status of diabetes (controlled/uncontrolled) while contrast sensitivity was significantly associated with patients having refractive errors.

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