Sadaf Noveen, Tahir Masood, Shaista Habibullah.
Establishment of Validity of a Test for Articulation and Phonological Disorders among Bilingual Children in Punjab and Baluchistan.
Int J Rehab Sci Jan ;6(2):37-42.

Background Urdu is the most widely used language in Pakistan, therefore, can be considered as a major medium of interaction in the urban areas of the country. Urdu has more than 60 million first language speakers and 100 million total speakers in more than 20 countries. A Test for Articulation and Phonology in Urdu (TAAPU) was developed in 2012 to assess articulation and phonological disorders. As Urdu is the national language of Pakistan, so TAAPU was expected to be generalized in other regions of Pakistan as well. Methods: The TAAPU was standardized by executing a descriptive study on bilingual, speaking Urdu and their native language, children of the two provinces of Pakistan, Punjab and Baluchistan. Stratified Convenient Sampling technique was deployed for the collection of data, from each of the two strata a sample of 35 was selected. Primary data was collected from Punjab province by the researcher and data from Baluchistan was collected by a local speech therapist. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS- Version 21.0) was used in the study to determine the validity and reliability of TAAPU in Punjab and Baluchistan. Results: The data analysis results illustrated that TAAPU is a valid tool for assessment of APD in bilingual children who interact in the Urdu language in Punjab and Baluchistan along with their mother tongue.

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