Nazish Ashfaq Khan, Shairose Aziz, Maria Kwiatowski, Farrukh Anwar Mirza, Reza Haider, Bilal Jamil.
Oral Manifestations and Dental Management of patients with Chronic Renal Failure on Hemodialysis.
J Pak Dent Assoc Jan ;26(4):158-63.

AIM: The incidence of Chronic renal failure (CRF) is increasing all over the world. Most of these patients will show oral signs or symptoms either related to the renal disease or its treatment. The treatment may require dietary and fluid restrictions but despite this most of the patients progress to end stage renal failure (ESRF) and require further treatment of haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or renal transplantation. This research aims to present the dental manifestations a patient undergoing hemodialysis may present with and also make recommendations for the general dentist to improve their patient’s oral hygiene status. METHODOLOGY:Our inclusion criteria included patients suffering from chronic renal failure of either gender with age 18 years and above, non smokers and requiring hemodialysis for at least every month. Whereas,patients with unstable medical conditions requiring hospitalization other than dialysis in the past 30 days, or with co morbidities such as stroke. RESULTS: A comprehensive outline of the different manifestations in the patients undergoing hemodialysis; caries, periodontal disease, halitosis, lichen planus like lesions and xerostomia is discussed in this article along with the number of patients who seroconverted to Hepatitis B and C during the course of their treatment. CONCLUSION: Patients with Chronic renal failure presenting with significant medical histories and associated drug regimens, which may considerably affect the oral environment. KEY WORDS: Chronic renal failure, dialysis, oral manifestations, GDP recommendations.

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