Fahd Ahmed, Haroon Rashid, Sadaf Farookhi, Vivek Verma, Yuliya Mulyar, Murai Khalifa, Zeeshan Sheikh.
Surface Modifications of Endosseous Dental Implants By Incorporation of Roughness and Hydroxyapatite Coatings.
J Pak Dent Assoc Jan ;24(4):162-72.

The rate of dental implants osseo-intergration is strongly related the implant material composition and surface roughness. It is believed that implants with roughened surfaces offer better bone anchoring and biomechanical stability. This article presents an overview of the surface modifications that are carried out to improve and promote osseo-integration. There are various methods for enhancing the surface roughness and to improve the osteoconductive coatings. This paper discusses the processes of grit-blasting, plasma spraying, acid-etching, anodization and implant surface coatings with hydroxyapatite. The modifications described here are essentially methods employed to improve the osseo-integrative ability of titanium implants. Although the precise role surface topography plays in osseo-integration remains unclear, it is required in future that surfaces with controlled and standardized topography are developed and the process of osseo-integration of implants is enhanced to achieve longterm clinical success.

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