Qurat-ul Ain, Syed Umair Shah, Hamza Tahir.
Association of Vitamin D with Myopia in Adults at University of Lahore Teaching Hospital.
Ophthalmol Update Jan ;16(3):793-6.

Purpose.: To investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and myopia in young adults in LRBT Lahore. Methods.: A total of 285 individuals participated in this study. Ethnicity, parental myopia, and education status were ascertained by self-reported questionnaire. A comprehensive ophthalmic examination was performed, including post cycloplegic auto-refraction and conjunctival UV auto-fluorescence photography. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 25(OH)D3 ) concentrations were determined using mass spectrometry. The association between serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations and prevalent myopia was determined using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Of the 285 participants, 25% had myopia. Myopic subjects had lower serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations compared to nonmyopic participants (median 67.6 vs. 72.5 nmol, P = 0.003). In univariable analysis, lower serum 25(OH)D3 concentration was associated with higher risk of having myopia (odds ratio [OR] for <50 vs. >=50 nmol/L: 2.63; confidence interval [95% CI] 1.71-4.05; P < 0.001). This association persisted after adjustment for potential confounders, including age, sex, ethnicity, parental myopia, education status, and ocular sun-exposure biomarker score (adjusted OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.29-3.32; P = 0.002). Unadjusted blood levels of vitamin D were not significantly different between myopes (13.95 +/- 3.75ng/ml) and nonmyopes (16.02 +/- 5.11ng/ml, p = 0.29) Conclusions.: Myopic participants had significantly lower 25(OH)D3 concentrations. The prevalence of myopia was significantly higher in individuals with vitamin D deficiency compared to the individuals with sufficient levels. Longitudinal studies are required to investigate whether higher serum 25(OH)D3 concentration is protective against myopia whether it is acting as a proxy for some other biologically effective consequence of sun exposure. However, adjusted for differences in the intake of dietary variables, myopes appear to have lower average blood levels of vitamin D than non-myopes. Key words: myopia, serum, biomarker, ethnicity, confounder, odd ratio.

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