Mugheera Nafey, Khizar Hayat, Amir Iqbal.
Anomalies of Refraction in patients with Down Syndrome in Layton Rehmatullah Benevolent Trust Hospital,(LRBT) Lahore.
Ophthalmol Update Jan ;16(1):484-6.

Background: Down syndrome is a common chromosomal disorder. It is associated with numerous ocular manifestations, including eyelid problems, keratoconus, Brushfield spots of the iris, refractive error, strabismus, and nystagmus. Objective: Aim of this study is to investigate the refractive error of down syndrome patients. Methods: Total 50 children with down syndrome age ranging from 6 years to 14 years old were included in this study through convenient based sampling. All children were assessed through cycloplegic and non cycloplegic refraction. Results: The result shows that among 50 children, 65% had hypermetropia and 25% had astigmatism and 7% had myopia. There is a significant relationship in between learning disability and hyperopia and astigmatism, Conclusion: Refractive error is very common in down syndrome patients. The main refractive error were found to be hyperopia and astigmatism.

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