Abdul Hamid, Munila Khattak, Sadaf Ambreen.
Congenital Malformations in the Offspring of women with Medical Problems during Pregnancy.
Ophthalmol Update Jan ;15(4):440-3.

Objectives: To determine the relative incidence and types of congenital anomalies in the offspring of females suffering from medical problems during the course of pregnancy. Methodology: The study was conducted in Kulsoom Maternity Hospital Peshawar from Jan; 2016 to Jan; 2017. Study sample comprised of 1000 cases admitted for the purpose of delivery. Data collection form was used to collect information of different variables of interest. The cases contributing to congenital anomalies were studied. After the delivery all the newborns they were thoroughly examined for any obvious congenital anomalies. Cases suspected of having cardiovascular congenital anomalies were subjected to echocardiography. Results: 69 cases were found to have medical problems. 20.28% cases were suffering from hyperpyrexia due to various bacterial and viral infections. Others in the descending order of frequency were cases of TORCH infections 17.39%, i.e., Hypertension 14.49%, Diabetes mellitus and Cardiovascular problems 13.04 % and Psychosocial problems 11.59% and Epilepsy 10.14%. Out of 69 cases with medical problems, 12 were found to have congenital anomalies. 25% of congenital anomalies were detected in patients suffering from TORCH infections. Others in descending order of frequency were Diabetes mellitus and Cardiovascular 22.22% each, Epilepsy 14.28%, Psycho-social problems 12.50%, Hypertension 10% and Hyperpyrexia 7.14%. Various types of congenital anomalies detected in the study population were Cleft lip/Cleft palate, Club feet and Ventricular septal defect (two cases each), Meningocele, Hydrocele, Polydactyly, undescended Testis, Congenital cataract and Intracranial calcification (one case each). Conclusions: Many of the possible risk factors can be avoided if necessary precautions are taken in time. Pregnant ladies suffering from various diseases like diabetes, cardiac diseases, hypertension, epilepsy, hyperpyrexia, and various psychosocial problems should be properly and timely treated with safe drugs, having no teratogenic effects on the fetus.

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