Shaukat Ali.
Study of Anaemia which turns out to be Cases of Leukemia at D.H.Q Hospital, Mardan (KPK).
Ophthalmol Update Jan ;15(2):131-4.

Purpose of the study: To study children presenting with anaemia having underlying serious blood disorder like leukemia. These children are usually referred late to tertiary hospital with many complications and thus with low level of chances of survival. The purpose of this study is to know that how many cases of anaemia are actually sign of another blood disorder like leukemia, so that these cases are properly investigated and referred to tertiary hospital in time. Background: Anemia is defined as a reduction of the hemoglobin concentration or red blood cell (RBC) volume below the range of values occurring in healthy persons. "Normal" hemoglobin and hemotocrat (packed red cell volume ) vary substantially with age and sex. There are also racial differences, with significantly lower hemoglobin levels in African American children than in white non-Hispanic children of comparable age. Anemia is the most common form of clinical presentation of blood disorder. Anemia is a significant global health problem affecting children and reproductive age women. The global prevalence of anemia in preschool children (0-5year) is mild (5-19.9%) moderate (20-39.9% and severe >(40%) (Norma B. Lerner) Anemia is usually the Presentation of some other disease which has to be investigated Study Design: Descriptive. Material and Method: This study was conducted in paediatric department of D.H.Q Hospital Mardan over a period of 3 Years from 2013 to 2016. During the study period 50 cases of a anaemia were examined, The diagnosis was suspected clinically and supported by peripheral smear and bone marrow aspiration done where needed. Tests were done at private clinical laboratory Peshawar. Cyto chemical studies (PAS and Peroxidase) were used for the identification of the type of leukemia. During the study period 10 cases of leukemia were diagnosed. These were from both sexes, different age group and mixed socio economic status. Socio economic status was evaluated on history. After the diagnosis and supportive treatment, cases were referred to teaching hospitals at Peshawar (LRH and HMC) Results: Patients with anaemia were clinically suspected in OPD randomly. They were advised peripheral smear. Cases suspected as leukemia were referred to private clinical laboratory at Peshawar. During the study period ten cases of leukemia (ALL) were diagnosed in 1-10 years children. After diagnosis the patients were referred to Peshawar for management. CONCLUSION: During the study period 50 cases of anaemia were examined ten cases of leukemia (ALL) were detected. They were more common in 1-5 years and in poor socio economic status (70%).

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