Imran Khalid, Saqib Siddiq, Khawaja Mohsin Ihsan.
An Eye to Hand Dominance (a study based on health Professionals).
Ophthalmol Update Jan ;15(2):104-7.

Background: Determination of eye dominance for accurate aimed target is significantly important in monocular viewing conditions, sports vision and ophthalmic practice. It is not always associated with the same eye to hand dominant pattern. Objective: To determine which pattern of eye to hand dominance existed more frequently in medical students and eye care professionals. Method: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in November 2016 at Eye Department of Services Hospital Lahore. This study included medical students (post graduate residents, house officers), eye care professionals (ophthalmologist, optometrist, orthoptist) and ophthalmic technicians. Subjects with normal sight, normal convergence range and had no extra ocular motility disorder were examined. Three tests were performed to determine the ocular dominance. For the Porta test, subjects were asked to vertically align an index finger with both eyes open on corner of Snellen`s chart then alternatively closed each eye, the eye that maintained the alignment was considered a dominant eye. For convergence tests, an accommodative target mid of nose brings closer to the eyes and determined that which eye drift firstly. For distance hole in the card test, the subject held a card with both hands at 3 cm diameter hole in the center of card and instructed to look a target placed at 2 meter distance with both eyes then alternatively occluded each eye, the eye that maintained the target was recorded as a dominant eye. Hand dominance was evaluated to ask which hand is used more frequently to write down the message and firmly hold the things. Results: 40 subjects were in the age range 23-57 years and median age was 28 years. Male were 20 (50%) and female were 20 (50%), 21 (52.5%) were medical students, 15 (37.5%) were eye care professionals, 4(10%) were ophthalmic technicians, 38 (95%) had right hand and 2(5%) had left hand dominant, 35(87.5%)were uncrossed and5(12.5%)were crossed. Of 35 uncrossed dominant, 34 (97%) were RH and RE, one uncrossed dominant (3%) had LH and LE dominant. Of 5 crossed dominant, 4 (80%) were RH and LE dominant, 1(20%) had LH and RE dominant. Of crossed dominant 3 were female and 2 were male. Conclusion: The eye to hand dominance existed predominately in uncrossed form right hand and right eye whereas crossed dominance in the form of right hand and left eye. Application of near point of convergence does not help in determining the dominance in the subjects with normal extra ocular motility and convergence value within normal range.

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