Iftikhar Ahmed, Abid Ali, Saeeda Malik, Nabila Sharif.
Incidence of Hypermetropia Associated with Astigmatism in Children of age Group 2-15 Tears.
Ophthalmol Update Jan ;14(3):25-6.

Objective: To find the frequency of hypermetropia associated with astigmatism in children of 2-15 years age in sample population. To assess the risk factors of hypermetropia leading to the development of Amblyopia. Material & Method: The research study was conducted in District Head Quarter Hospital Haripur. With the help of cycloplegic and subjective refraction, we assessed, observed and corrected 100 children cases who had visited our OPD. Different variables were also considered including age of patients, gender, visual acuity, Hirschberg reflex (for assessment of squint), cover test, assessment of ocular motility, type of refractive error, range of hypermetropia, range of astigmatism and correction. Glasses were prescribed to the patients with refractive error. Results: At presentation 97% children were with hypermetropia. Out of this 21(21.0%) were mild, 54(54.0%) were moderate and 22(22.0%) were severe Hypermetropic. Associated with this 93% were astigmatic, with 44(44,0%) mild, 35(35.0%) moderate and 14(14.0%) sever astigmatic patients. Among these 100 patients 10(10.0%) were normal with no refractive error, just having convergence insufficiency. In this study it was observed that the patient with age of 2 years had hypermetropia of +7.00D with no astigmatism and while going onwards it had been seen that hypermetropia going to be decreased with increasing degree of astigmatism. According to this study as we moved forward hypermetropia decreased from +7.00D to +5.00D, +3.00D, +2.00D, +1.75D, +0.75D, +0.50D and astigmatism going to be increased from 0.00D to -0.50D, -0.75D, -1.00D, -2.00D, -2.50D, -3.00D, -4.00D, -4.50D. Conclusion: High hypermetropia may lead to squint or sever visual loss, if it remain uncorrected. Children have the best ability to regain vision if full prescription was given to them. Frequency of hypermetropia was 97.0% and associated astigmatism was 93.0% in this study.

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