Khemchand N Moorani, Khalid Mahmood Ahmed Khan, Afroze Ramzan.
Infections in children with Nephrotic Syndrome.
J Coll Physicians Surg Pak Jan ;13(6):337-9.

Objective: To determine the different types of infections in nephrotic children and their association with the activity of disease. Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: It was carried out at National Institute of Child Health (NICH), Karachi from August 1995-July 1996. Patients and Methods: All children with nephrotic syndrome who had various infections during the study period were evaluated for the activity of disease and type of infections. Results: Out of 62 children with nephrotic syndrome having infections, 45 (72.58%) were boys and 17 (27.42%) girls in a ratio of 2.5:1. Out of them 53 (85.45%) were known nephrotics and 36 (58%) of them were on steroid therapy. Nine were new cases and had not received steroids. A total of 74 episodes of infections were observed in 62 children. Acute respiratory infections (ARI) and skin infections were the most common (29.27% and 27.02% respectively) followed by diarrhoea (13.51%), UTI (12.5%) and peritonitis (10.81%). Two patients had pulmonary tuberculosis and 3 patients had more than one infection (cellulitis, peritonitis and pneumonia). All children with cellulitis and peritonitis were in active disease, whereas more than 80% of patients with ARI, diarrhoea and UTI were having either relapse or had recent onset of disease. Conclusion: The study showed that ARI, cellulitis and diarrhoea were most common infections followed by UTI and peritonitis. Majority of the infections (>78%) were associated with active disease.

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