Muhammad Irfan, Asim Saleem, Salma Batool, Ghulam Mustafa Aftab, Ahsen Naqvi, Aftab Mohsin.
Internal Hemorrhoids and Sigmoidoscopy; a Retrospective Analysis of Grades and Other Anorectal Disorders.
Pak J Med Health Sci Jan ;12(2):561-3.

Aim: To evaluate grades of internal hemorrhoids and diagnosis of associated anorectal disorders in patients who underwent sigmoidoscopy at Liver Clinic, Lahore, Pakistan. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study Methods: In a retrospective analysis of 481 patients who were diagnose d to have internal hemorrhoids during sigmoidoscopy, the gender, age groups, indication for sigmoidoscopy, grade of internal hemorrhoids, and therapeutic maneuver offered were the qualitative variables, while age of the patients was the only quantitative variable. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 15. Results: Out of a total of 1004 patients who underwent sigmoidoscopy, 481(47.9%) had internal hemorrhoids; 340 (70.7) were male and 141 (29.3%) were females. The commonest age group affected with internal hemorrhoids was middle aged group (53.4%) with a mean age of 45.78 +- 13.45.The commonest grade of internal hemorrhoids was grade I (46.4%), followed by grade II (40.3%), grade III (13.1%) and grade IV (0.2%). The commonest presenting complaint was bleeding PR (50.3%). 80.7% patients with grade I internal hemorrhoids (180 out of 223) were diagnosed accidentally where sigmoidoscopy was performed for some other indication. 191(41.4%) patients received sigmoidoscopic assisted Rubber band ligation (RBL). 13.9% patients with internal hemorrhoids had additional associated disorders like anal fissure (25.4%), external hemorrhoids (17.9%), tight sphincter without visible fissure (14.9%), adjacent/ stagnant proctitis (14.9%) and excessive mucous in rectum (13.4%), Conclusion: Sigmoidoscopy is an excellent diagnostic and therapeutic tool for internal hemorrhoids which are common and equally prevalent in both genders. Middle aged adult group and bleeding PR are predictive of finding hemorrhoids on subsequent sigmoidoscopic examination.

PakMediNet -Pakistan's largest Database of Pakistani Medical Journals - http://www.pakmedinet.com