Ruqaya, Dial Das, Jai Krishin Ambwani, Qamar Amin, Padma Rathore.
Frequency of Eye Complications among Long Standing Diabetes sufferers.
Pak J Med Health Sci Jan ;12(2):820-4.

Aim: To assess the ophthalmological complications in subjects suffering from diabetes mellitus and these are retinopathy, cataracts and glaucoma . Place of study: Layton Rahmatulla Benevolent Trust (LRBT) Eye Hospital, Karachi region. Period of study: From December 2012 to February 2013 . Study Design: Cross sectional study . Methods: Assessment was done by slit lamp bio microscope, fundoscopy and ophthalmoscopy . Female patients having BMI between 25 and 29 were found to have greater complications. 30% of obese females suffered from non-insulin dependent diabetes that is relatively greater than males of non-insulin dependent diabetes in same age group . Most of the patients suffering from insulin dependent diabetes were under the BMI of 25; males 56.16% and females 58.1%. Results: Incidence of complications was lower where the length of disease was less than one year. As the disease lasted for 10 to 20 years, the frequency of complications as observed in males were ; retinopathy 43.83%, cataract 35%, glaucoma 66.66%. Whereas the female patients with the duration of disease 10-20 years showed overall 47.5% of complications as compared to males sufferers. Whereas, individuals having concomitant hypertension showed that male diabetic subjects had 28% retinopathy, 9.75% cataracts and 7.31% glaucoma. While the females showed retinopathy 47.61%, cataracts 11.9%,retinopathy 60.46%, 27.95% cataract and glaucoma 11.62% . The incidence of retinopathy was higher and was strongly associated with duration of the disease .

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