Shahadat Hussain, Azfar Farogh, Shafqat Nazir.
Efrequency of risk factors associated with coronary heart disease among patients with higher body mass index.
Pak Heart J Jan ;48(1):13-7.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of risk factors associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) among patients with higher BMI). Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, from January 2011 to December 2013. All patients 18 years of age, from both gender who attended cardiology clinic and gave consent,were included. Patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction within 3 months of starting the study, and those who had stroke, congestive cardiac failure or renal failure were excluded. Patients were categorized into three groups i,e. BMI <25 (Normal), BMI 25- 29.9 (overweight) and BMI >30 (obesity). The risk factors associated with CHD were recorded. A descriptive analysis of the characteristics of patients overall was performed, and the characteristics of patients with BMI <25 and BMI >25 were compared. P-value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant . Results: A total number of 1492 patients were studied. Overall, 62.5% of patients were overweight/obese. The group of patients who had higher BMI (BMI>25) had more females (64%), more smokers (54%), more patients with diabetes mellitus (71.5%), hypertension (72%), ischemic heart disease (58%), hyperlipidemia (88%) and post-menopausal women (64%). Conclusion: In conclusion, 62.5% of patients were overweight/obese. Diabetic and hypertensive patients had a higher prevalence of being overweight/obese, 71.5% and 72%, respectively. Age, gender, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus,hypertension and BMI were found to be independently associated with the risk of developing CHD.

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